Потребительский кредит

Потребительский кредит – это кредит на приобретение какого-либо товара, из которого не планируется последующее приобретение прибыли, например бытовой техники, или личного автомобиля. Данный вид кредитования является одним из самых распространенных вариантов краткосрочных займов для физических лиц. Его основное отличие от целевых кредитов, в том, что банк не следит за тем, как вы тратите полученные от него деньги. В отличии, например от образовательного или автокредита, который вы можете потратить только на заявленную цель. Потребительский же кредит, можно тратить как угодно. Как правило, такой кредит выдается на относительно небольшую сумму, на срок не более 5 лет. Суммы таких кредитов самые разные и колеблются в пределах от 500 до 50 тысяч долларов США.

Средняя процентная ставка по таким кредитам, в настоящее время, составляет приблизительно 13,5%. Но на рынке данных услуг можно встретить как более высокие, так и более низкие проценты по таким займам. Процент на валютные кредиты всегда несколько ниже, чем на рублевые, и в среднем составляет 8-10% годовых. Так, что будьте готовы, к тому, что проценты по потребительскому кредиту процентная ставка может очень сильно кредитоваться в зависимости от суммы кредита, и его сроков.

Такой кредит так же может иметь различные схемы погашения. Например, с разовым погашением, когда заемщик через определенный срок возвращает банку всю сумму с процентами. Существуют варианты и с рассрочкой платежа, сумма и проценты в таком случае выплачиваются ежемесячно, на протяжении некоторого времени.

Так же принято выделять обеспеченные и необеспеченные потребительские займы. При обеспеченном кредите, заемщик предоставляет какой-то залог, который гарантирует выплату взятой у банка суммы, чаще всего это недвижимость. Необеспеченный кредит это выдача денег клиенту под честное слово, и вполне закономерно, что условия по таком кредиту значительно хуже, потому, что банк сильнее рискует выдавая деньги такому клиенту.

В схеме потребительского кредитования допускается участие не только банков и физических лиц, но и поручителей, и различных торговых организаций.

Поручителем, может стать достаточно обеспеченный человек, который заявляет банку, что он готов расплатиться вместо вас по кредиту, если вы вдруг не сможете выполнять обязательства перед банком. Таким образом банк защищает себя от потенциального риска.

Торговые организации так же часто взаимодействуют с банками при процедурах оформления кредитов. Они продают свои товары, с отсрочками по выплате, привлекая в качестве кредитора банковские организации, но следует помнить, что человек купивший таким образом товар становится должен банку, а не магазину.

Преимуществ потребительского кредита следующие:

а) Вы можете получить требуемую вами сумму быстро, в зависимости от банка это займет у вас от 30 минут до нескольких дней.
б) Вы можете использовать полученные деньги как угодно, купить что-то, заняться своим здоровьем, организовать свадьбу и т.п.
в) В вашем распоряжении будет множество вариантов получения кредита. Например вам могут зачислить деньги на банковскую карту, вы можете получить кредит товаром, или да же наличными.
г) Требование к заемщику минимальны. Зачастую кредит оформляют только на основании паспортных данных. Если вы имеете постоянную работу, вам от 21 до 60 лет, не уклоняетесь от военной службы, не имеете детей младше года, то вы получите такой кредит без проблем.

Такая схема кредитования очень удобна для клиента, единственным и главным её недостатком является большая сумма переплаты по кредиту, которой банк компенсирует возможные риски его не возврата. То есть процентная ставка расчитывается исходя из того, что часть заемщиков его не вернут, по сути вы платите высокий процент и за себя, и за того дядю который кредит возвращать не планирует.

Зачастую, банки привлекают клиентов низкой процентной ставкой по потребительским кредитам, указывая в договоре и рекламе её величину в 3-5%. Однако, не следует думать, что банки глупее вас, они не работают себе в убыток. Такая низкая процентная ставка компенсируется множеством вторичных платежей. По сути, вам придется платить банку за каждое ваше действие с кредитом. Например, банк может ввести платеж за обналичивание кредита, комиссию за открытие счета, за его обслуживание, в общем, за все что угодно, и будет в своем праве. Так что, если вы видите очень выгодные проценты по кредиту, не спешите подписывать договор, внимательно прочитайте мелкий шрифт. Зачастую, переплата на таких, казалось бы выгодных, тарифных планах выше, чем у кредитов с 15-20% годовых.

Если вы планируете взять краткосрочный потребительский кредит, то вам лучше всего рассмотреть предложения максимального количества банков. Это связанно с тем, что конкуренция на этом рынке довольно высока, и банки стремятся привлечь клиентов, предлагая им самые разные условия получения займов. Некоторую экономию вы можете получить при оформлении кредита на пластиковую карту, однако и тут не все так просто. В сфере электронный платежей часто встречаются мошенники, и вы можете легко потерять свои деньги, и остаться должны банку. Так что, если вы не уверенны в своих навыках работы с пластиковыми картами, подумайте, стоит ли экономия риска.

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